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| EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE 1 TC7660H HIGH FREQUENCY 7660 DC-TO-DC VOLTAGE CONVERTER FEATURES s s s s s s s Pin Compatible with 7660, High Frequency Performance DC-to-DC Converter Low Cost, Two Low Value External Capacitors Required ........................................................ (1.0F) Converts +5V Logic Supply to 5V System Wide Input Voltage Range .................... 1.5V to 10V Voltage Conversion ........................................ 99.7% Power Efficiency ................................................ 85% Available in 8-Pin SOIC and 8-Pin PDIP Packages GENERAL DESCRIPTION The TC7660H is a pin-compatible, high frequency upgrade to the Industry standard TC7660 charge pump voltage converter. It converts a +1.5V to +10V input to a corresponding - 1.5V to -10V output using only two low-cost capacitors, eliminating inductors and their associated cost, size and EMI. The TC7660H operates at a frequency of 120kHz (versus 10kHz for the TC7660), allowing the use of 1.0F external capacitors. Oscillator frequency can be reduced (for lower supply current applications) by connecting an external capacitor from OSC to ground. The TC7660H is available in 8-pin DIP and small outline (SOIC) packages in commercial and extended temperature ranges. 2 3 4 5 6 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM V + CAP + 8 2 ORDERING INFORMATION OSC 7 RC OSCILLATOR /2 VOLTAGE- LEVEL TRANSLATOR 4 CAP - LV 6 5 INTERNAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR LOGIC NETWORK VOUT Part No. TC7660HCOA TC7660HCPA TC7660HEOA TC7660HEPA Package 8-Pin SOIC 8-Pin Plastic DIP 8-Pin SOIC 8-Pin Plastic DIP Temperature Range 0C to +70C 0C to +70C - 40C to +85C TC7660H 3 GND TC7660EV - 40C to +85C Evaluation Kit for Charge Pump Family PIN CONFIGURATION (DIP and SOIC) NC 1 8 V+ CAP + 2 GND 3 TC7660HCPA TC7660HEPA 7 OSC 6 LOW VOLTAGE (LV) 5 VOUT CAP - 4 NC CAP + GND CAP - 1 2 3 4 TC7660HCOA TC7660HEOA 8 7 6 5 V+ OSC LOW VOLTAGE (LV) VOUT 7 NC = NO INTERNAL CONNECTION TC7660H-2 10/1/96 8 4-63 TELCOM SEMICONDUCTOR, INC. HIGH FREQUENCY 7660 DC-TO-DC VOLTAGE CONVERTER TC7660H ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Supply Voltage ...................................................... +10.5V LV and OSC Inputs Voltage (Note 1) ........................ - 0.3V to (V+ + 0.3V) for V+ < 5.5V + - 5.5V) to (V+ + 0.3V) (V for V+ > 5.5V Current Into LV (Note 1) ...................... 20A for V+ > 3.5V Output Short Duration (VSUPPLY 5.5V) ......... Continuous Power Dissipation (TA 70C) (Note 2) SOIC ............................................................... 470mW Plastic DIP ......................................................730mW Operating Temperature Range C Suffix .................................................. 0C to +70C E Suffix ............................................. - 40C to +85C Storage Temperature Range ................ - 65C to +150C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) ................. +300C *Static-sensitive device. Unused devices must be stored in conductive material. Protect devices from static discharge and static fields. Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Over Operating Temperature Range with V+= 5V, CI = C2 = 1F,COSC = 0, Test Circuit (Figure 1), unless otherwise indicated. Symbol I+ + VH + VL Parameter Supply Current Supply Voltage Range, High Supply Voltage Range, Low Output Source Resistance Test Conditions RL = Min TA Max, RL = 5k, LV Open Min TA Max, RL = 5k, LV to GND IOUT = 20mA, TA = 25C IOUT = 20mA, 0C TA +70C (C Device) IOUT = 20mA, - 40C TA +85C (E Device) V+ = 2V, IOUT = 3mA, LV to GND 0C TA +70C IOUT = 10mA, Min TA Max RL = Min -- 3 1.5 -- -- -- -- -- 81 99 Typ 0.46 -- -- 55 -- -- 150 120 85 99.7 Max 1.0 10 3.5 80 95 110 250 -- -- -- Unit mA V V kHz % % ROUT FOSC PEFF VEFF Oscillator Frequency Power Efficiency Voltage Efficiency NOTES: 1. Connecting any input terminal to voltages greater than V+ or less than GND may cause destructive latch-up. It is recommended that no inputs from sources operating from external supplies be applied prior to "power up" of the TC7660H. 2. Derate linearly above 50C by 5.5 mW/C. 4-64 TELCOM SEMICONDUCTOR, INC. HIGH FREQUENCY 7660 DC-TO-DC VOLTAGE CONVERTER TC7660H To improve low-voltage operation, the LV pin should be connected to GND. For supply voltages greater than 3.5V, the LV terminal must be left open to ensure latch-upproof operation and prevent device damage. V+ (+5V) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IS 1 2 C1 1.0 F + 3 4 8 7 Theoretical Power Efficiency Considerations In theory, a capacitative charge pump can approach 100% efficiency if certain conditions are met: (1) The drive circuitry consumes minimal power. (2) The output switches have extremely low ON resistance and virtually no offset. TC7660H 6 5 + C2 1.0 F RL (3) The impedances of the pump and reservoir capacitors are negligible at the pump frequency. The TC7660H approaches these conditions for negative voltage multiplication if large values of C1 and C2 are used. Energy is lost only in the transfer of charge between capacitors if a change in voltage occurs. The energy lost is defined by: E = 1/2 C1 (V12 - V22) V1 and V2 are the voltages on C1 during the pump and transfer cycles. If the impedances of C1 and C2 are relatively high at the pump frequency (refer to Figure 1), compared to the value of RL, there will be a substantial difference in voltages V1 and V2. Therefore, it is not only desirable to make C2 as large as possible to eliminate output voltage ripple, but also to employ a correspondingly large value for C1 in order to achieve maximum efficiency of operation. Figure 1. TC7660H Test Circuit Detailed Description The TC7660H contains all the necessary circuitry to implement a voltage inverter, with the exception of two external capacitors, which may be inexpensive 1.0F nonpolarized capacitors. Operation is best understood by considering Figure 2, which shows an idealized voltage inverter. Capacitor C1 is charged to a voltage, V+, for the half cycle when switches S1 and S3 are closed. (Note: Switches S2 and S4 are open during this half cycle.) During the second half cycle of operation, switches S2 and S4 are closed, with S1 and S3 open, thereby shifting capacitor C1 negatively by V+ volts. Charge is then transferred from C1 to C2, such that the voltage on C2 is exactly V+, assuming ideal switches and no load on C2. Do's and Don'ts * Do not exceed maximum supply voltages. * Do not connect LV terminal to GND for supply voltages greater than 3.5V. V+ S1 S2 * Do not short circuit the output to V+ supply for voltages above 5.5V for extended periods; however, transient conditions including start-up are okay. * When using polarized capacitors in the inverting mode, the + terminal of C1 must be connected to pin 2 of the TC7660H and the + terminal of C2 must be connected to GND Pin 3. GND S3 S4 C2 VOUT = - VIN Figure 2. Idealized Charge Pump Inverter 8 4-65 TELCOM SEMICONDUCTOR, INC. HIGH FREQUENCY 7660 DC-TO-DC VOLTAGE CONVERTER TC7660H Simple Negative Voltage Converter Figure 3 shows typical connections to provide a negative supply where a positive supply is available. A similar scheme may be employed for supply voltages anywhere in the operating range of +1.5V to +10V, keeping in mind that pin 6 (LV) is tied to the supply negative (GND) only for supply voltages below 3.5V. The output characteristics of the circuit in Figure 3 are those of a nearly ideal voltage source in series with 70. Thus, for a load current of - 10 mA and a supply voltage of +5V, the output voltage would be - 4.3V. The dynamic output impedance of the TC7660H is due, primarily, to capacitive reactance of the charge transfer capacitor (C1). Since this capacitor is connected to the output for only 1/2 of the cycle, the equation is: 2 XC = 2f C1 = 2.12, where f = 150 kHz and C1 = 1.0 F. ROUT = V+ 1 2 1.0 F + 3 4 8 7 1 2 1.0 F + 3 4 8 7 1 C1 1.0 F + 2 3 4 8 7 VOUT* C2 1.0 F V + TC7660H 6 5 + * NOTES: 1. VOUT = -n V+ for 1.5V V+ 10V Figure 3. Simple Negative Converter Paralleling Devices Any number of TC7660H voltage converters may be paralleled to reduce output resistance (Figure 4). The reservoir capacitor, C2, serves all devices, while each device requires its own pump capacitor, C1. The resultant output resistance would be approximately: ROUT (of TC7660H) n (number of devices) TC7660H "1" 6 5 TC7660H "n" 6 5 + VOUT* 1.0 F * NOTES: 1. VOUT = -n V + for 1.5V V + 10V Figure 4. Increased Output Voltage by Cascading Devices Cascading Devices The TC7660H may be cascaded as shown in (Figure 4) to produce larger negative multiplication of the initial supply voltage. However, due to the finite efficiency of each device, the practical limit is probably 10 devices for light loads. The output voltage is defined by: VOUT = - n (VIN) where n is an integer representing the number of devices cascaded. The resulting output resistance would be approximately the weighted sum of the individual TC7660H ROUT values. 4-66 Changing the TC7660H Oscillator Frequency It may be desirable in some applications (due to noise or other considerations) to increase or decease the oscillator frequency. This can be achieved by overdriving the oscillator from an external clock, as shown in Figure 6. In order to prevent possible device latch-up, a 1k resistor must be used in series with the clock output. In a situation where the designer has generated the external clock frequency using TTL logic, the addition of a 10k pull-up resistor to V+ supply is required. Note that the pump frequency with external clocking, as with internal clocking, will be 1/2 of the clock frequency. Output transitions occur on the positive-going edge of the clock. TELCOM SEMICONDUCTOR, INC. HIGH FREQUENCY 7660 DC-TO-DC VOLTAGE CONVERTER TC7660H V+ 1 2 C1 3 4 8 7 1 2 C1 3 4 8 7 RL 1 2 RL + C2 TC7660H "1" 6 5 TC7660H "n" 6 5 3 4 5 6 7 Figure 5. Paralleling Devices Lowers Output Impedance V+ 1 2 1.0 F + 3 4 8 1 k 7 CMOS GATE V+ Combined Negative Voltage Conversion and Positive Supply Multiplication Figure 8 combines the functions shown in Figures 3 and 8 to provide negative voltage conversion and positive voltage multiplication simultaneously. This approach would be, for example, suitable for generating +9V and -5V from an existing +5V supply. In this instance, capacitors C1 and C3 perform the pump and reservoir functions, respectively, for the generation of the negative voltage, while capacitors C2 and C4 are pump and reservoir, respectively, for the multiplied positive voltage. There is a penalty in this configuration which combines both functions, however, in that the source impedances of the generated supplies will be somewhat higher due to the finite impedance of the common charge pump driver at pin 2 of the device. V+ 1 2 3 + C1 4 + C2 8 7 + TC7660H 6 5 + VOUT 1.0 F Figure 6. External Clocking Positive Voltage Multiplication The TC7660H may be employed to achieve positive voltage multiplication using the circuit shown in Figure 7. In this application, the pump inverter switches of the TC7660H are used to charge C1 to a voltage level of V+ - VF (where V+ is the supply voltage and VF is the forward voltage drop of diode D1). On the transfer cycle, the voltage on C1 plus the supply voltage (V+) is applied through diode D2 to capacitor C2. The voltage thus created on C2 becomes (2 V+) - (2 VF), or twice the supply voltage minus the combined forward voltage drops of diodes D1 and D2. The source impedance of the output (VOUT) will depend on the output current, but for V+ = 5V and an output current of 10mA, it will be approximately 60. V+ 1 2 3 4 8 7 D1 D2 + C1 + C2 VOUT = (2 V+) - (2 VF) VOUT = - (V+- VF) C3 TC7660H 6 5 D1 D2 VOUT = (2 V +) - (2 VF) + C4 TC7660H Figure 8. Combined Negative Converter and Positive Multiplier 6 5 Figure 7. Positive Voltage Multiplier 8 4-67 TELCOM SEMICONDUCTOR, INC. HIGH FREQUENCY 7660 DC-TO-DC VOLTAGE CONVERTER TC7660H Efficient Positive Voltage Multiplication/ Conversion Since the switches that allow the charge pumping operation are bidirectional, the charge transfer can be performed backwards as easily as forwards. Figure 9 shows a TC7660H transforming - 5V to +5V (or +5V to +10V, etc.). The only problem here is that the internal clock and switchdrive section will not operate until some positive voltage has been generated. An initial inefficient pump, as shown in Figure 9, could be used to start this circuit up, after which it will bypass the diode and resistor shown dotted in Figure 9. 1 2 C1 1.0 F + 3 4 8 7 1 M VOUT = -V- + 1.0 F TC7660H 6 5 V- INPUT Figure 9. Positive Voltage Conversion TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (Circuit of Figure 1) Output Source Resistance vs. Supply Voltage 10k OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE () Output Source Resistance vs. Temperature 500 OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE () TA = +25C IOUT = 1 mA 450 400 200 150 V + = +2V 100 50 V + = +5V 1k 100 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 7 8 0 -55 -25 0 +25 +50 +75 +100 +125 TEMPERATURE (C) Output Voltage vs. Output Current CI C2 =1F 0 -1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Output Voltage vs. Load Current 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 0 10 SLOPE 55 TA = +25C V+ = +5V -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) TA = +25C LV OPEN 20 30 40 50 60 70 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 80 4-68 TELCOM SEMICONDUCTOR, INC. |
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